Types of explosives ppt

As the subject is very extensive, it is separated into several sections. Aug 20, 2015 ied training kits are provided to security agencies which train their personnel through these kits so that they can locate and destroy these extremely dangerous explosives safely. Explosives 1 explosives 2 introduction to explosives. There are different categories of explosives, which are based on the materials used in them. Initiating or primary explosives sensitive, will detonate readily when subjected to heat or shock. The energy release must be sudden enough to cause a local accumulation of energy at the site of the explosion. Examples include nuclear explosives, and abruptly heating a substance to a plasma state with a highintensity laser or electric arc. Some chemicals used in explosives may sweat and result in greasy marks on wrappings. A howto guide terry sp ear, john rush, jerry massetti, jim. A mechanical explosive is one that depends on a physical reaction, such as overloading a container. The way the damage is caused may vary with different types of warheads, but in the most general sense, damage is caused by the transfer of energy from the warhead to the target. The high explosive train is usually composed of a detonator, booster, and main charge as shown in figure 1. Explosives examples, body, used, process, type, chemical.

Identify ways that hazardous materials are introduced into the body inhalation, absorption, ingestion, injection identify hazards e. This type of explosive is detonated only when a booster of suf. Detonating explosives, such as tnt and dynamite, are characterized by extremely rapid decomposition and development of high pressure, whereas deflagrating explosives, such as black and smokeless powders, involve merely fast burning and produce relatively low pressures. Explosive any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion, i. While many military and commercial explosives can be improvised, hmtd and tatp do not have military or commercial purposes. Chapter 12 military explosives federation of american. Introduction to explosives types of energetic materials pyrotechnics propellants unconfined, referred to as propellants confined, referred to as low explosives. Detonating explosives, such as tnt and dynamite, are characterized by extremely rapid decomposition and development of high pressure, whereas deflagrating explosives, such as black and smokeless powders, involve merely fast burning and produce relatively low. California department of justice bureau of forensic services. In other words, are we using the same explosives in mining and warfare. Black powder it is unknown who invented the first explosive black powder. He produce a defining supersonic overpressurization shock wave. For convenience, low and high explosives may be differentiated in the following manner.

Types of ieds different kinds of ieds are used today by terrorists for causing mortality and morbidity apart from arousing fear in population. Typically high explosives like dynamite and tnt, fall into this category. The damage from an explosion is caused by the dissipating energy. Low explosive an explosive which utilizes chemical formulas which combust when a certain amount of initial energy is applied to them. An explosion results from the rapid release of energy. In a detonation, the reaction front moves at a speed greater than the speed of sound, driving the shock front immediately preceding it. Ieds can be produced in varying sizes and can have different types of containers, function, and delivery methods. For example, the oklahoma city bomb was constructed of nitrogen based commercial fertilizer. The improvised explosive device ied has been around for many years, and the design can typically be categorised based on type and the components used. They are very sensitive to shock, heat, and electricity and, therefore, must be handled with great care.

Types of explosives by chloe yoder infographic types of explosives and their characteristics. Ninan high energy oxidisers fcir advanced solid propellants and explosives advances in solid propellant technology, p1. These are usually explosives made in diameter of 510 in. It is not proper to define an explosive as a substance, or a mixture of substances, which is capable of undergoing a sudden transformation with the production of heat and gas. Explosives are categorized as highorder explosives he or loworder explosives le. Gunpowder was the first form of chemical explosives and by 1161, the chinese were using explosives for the first time in warfare. This energy is then dissipated by a variety of mechanisms, including formation of a pressure wave. Examples of he include tnt, c4, semtex, nitroglycerin, dynamite, and ammonium nitrate fuel oil anfo.

Some of these chemicals may also give off unusual odors, which the human nose will quickly sense. A single type of explosives was therefore used as a propellant for guns and for blasting purpose in any military, mining and civil engineering application. Civil explosives market insights, forecast to 2018 2025 ivil explosives market size value, capacity, production and consumption in key regions like north america, europe, asia pacific china, japan and other regions. High explosives they detonate explode rather than deflagrate burn combustion can range from mps to 10,000 mps.

Introduction to explosives types of energetic materials pyrotechnics propellants unconfined, referred to as propellants confined, referred to as. This study categorizes the global civil explosives breakdown data by manufacturers, region, type and application, also. Explosives commonly require some stimulus, like a blow or a spark, to provoke them to liberate their energy, that is, to undergo the change which produces the explosion, but the stimulus which sets off1 the explosive does not contribute to the energy of the explosion. Edwards university there are three common types of explosives. Introduction to explosives for official use only c4. Check out the articles and videos on the explosives channel. Youll have the opportunity to explore different explosive analysis techniques and examples of the various types of explosives. With few exceptions, denser explosives give higher detonation velocities and pressures. They may burn when exposed to heat or flame in small. View and download powerpoint presentations on blasting safety ppt.

Alow explosive material,suchasgunpowder,smokelesspowderorfireworks,burnsmuch slower. Types of explosives accessories mining and blasting. An explosion is a type of spontaneous chemical reaction that, once initiated, is driven by both a. For some primary explosives, almost any kind of impact no matter how slight, or even friction can set them off. Describe methods for eliminating physical hazards of hazardous materials. Summary of change da pam 38564 ammunition and explosives safety standards this major revision, dated 24 may 2011o updates and prescribes army policy on ammunition and explosive safety. The detonator may be initiated electrically or by mechanical shock and may contain an explosive relay, pyrotechnic delay, etc. The fundamental concept behind explosives is very simple. In extreme cases, some unstable primary explosives like nitroglycerine go as far as being untouchable due to their.

Some explosives with very high sensitivity, such as pure nitroglycerin or dynamite, can be detonated by mechanical impact or friction. Secondary explosives require a small amount of a primary explosive to set them off. The explosives channel contains articles on different types of explosives and missiles. It is worth noting that water gels, slurries, and emulsion products can be formulated to produce. Introduction to explosives and propellants part of the text from parti of this chapter has been presented. Introduction an explosive material, also called explosive, is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. The properties of the explosive indicate the class into which it falls. Most bombing incidents involve homemade explosive devices. Primary explosives are generally heatsensitive, and can react quickly and devastatingly to static electricity. Permissible explosives are generally modified types of emulsions, watergels, or ammonia dynamites, all in cartridge or chub form.

The way the damage is caused may vary with different types of. The largest commercial application of explosives is mining. However, there are only two types of explosions that the first responder or investigator will generally encounter, mechanical and chemical and several subtypes within these cate. It is worth noting that water gels, slurries, and emulsion products can be formulated to produce either 1 capsensitive hesby adding sufficient amounts of he sensitizersor 2 basby omitting such sensitizers. Two types initiating or primary explosives sensitive, will detonate readily when subjected to heat or shock. The rate at which the pyrotechnic composition burns is mostly dependent upon the rate at which the composition can transfer heat from one layer of. In some cases explosives may be made to fall into either class by the conditions under which they are initiated. In addition to chemical explosives, there are a number of more exotic explosive materials, and exotic methods of causing explosions. Chapter i properties of explosives an explosive is a. High explosives are chemical compounds one type of molecule rather than a duo these detonate rather than deflagrate, producing a supersonic shock wave of 1,000 9,000 msec. Initiating devices are listed and described as well. Cole and 2002 bali nightclub bombings recommended in alqaedas traditional curriculum of explosives training. This chapter classifies commercial blasting compounds according to their explosive class and type.

The socalled millisecond or short delay detonators are manufd with intervals betw each number of the series varying betw 25 and 50 mihiseconds ref 51, pp 12527 two types of british electric delay detonators. Any chemical mixtures, compound or device that reacts at high velocities to liberate gas or heat causing high pressure and which can be initiated by a no. The various stimuli to which explosives respond and the mannci. Primary high explosives are extremely sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, to which they will respond by burning rapidly or detonating. A strategy crime scene investigation for explosive incidents bomb scene investigations explosion three types of explosions mechanical explosion chemical explosion atomic explosions energetic materials high explosives upon detonation locating and. There are a great many types of explosives and explosive devices. Different types of explosives are considered to be compatible if they may be stored or transported together without significantly increasing either the probability of an accident or, for a given quantity, the magnitude of an effect of an accident. Ppt explosives powerpoint presentation free to view.

Explosions are either detonations or deflagrations. Strength explosive surgically implanted explosive device. They provide the explosive force delivered by hand grenades, bombs, and artillery shells. Their reaction velocities are 2000 to less than 3000 feet per second. These boosters are made of high explosives like pentaerythritol tetranitrate petn and trinitro toluene tnt and are much more powerful than detonators figure 1.

This category contains explosive devices, chemical agents, types of explosives, and similar matters. The sensitivity of an explosive has other operational implications. It commonly sold in the shape of sticks, and is used with a line of fuse, with a primary explosive at the end acting as its charge, called a blasting cap. See the difference between pipe bombs and pressure cooker bombs in this web exclusive scene, science correspondent miles obrien explains the difference between pipe bombs and pressure cooker bombs, like the ones used. Primary high explosive secondary high explosive slide 37.

As the risk of terrorist attacks increases in the u. Chemical explosives the main purpose of any warhead is to inflict damage on the target. For official use only all dynamite is considered a secondary high explosive and can be initiated with a blasting cap all are suitable as main charges in an ied terrorists operating domestically will likely try to steal dynamite or improvise its manufacture mining sites and quarries may be targeted for theft. Secondary high explosives, also called base explosives, are relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. An explosive or explosive material is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of. Used to detonate other explosives in explosive train a triggering sequence that ends up in a detonation of. An explosive substance is a solid or liquid substance or mixture of substances which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to. Types of explosive and blasting agents nitroglycerine based explosives dynamites powder explosives anfo water gels. Used to detonate other explosives in explosive train a triggering sequence that ends up in a detonation of explosives includes nitroglycerine noninitiating secondary or base explosives. Detonators, igniters, primers, and other initiating devices used for nonmilitary and military purposes preface in the pages which follow, this subject is treated separately for items used for nonmilitary and military purposes. Understand the characteristics of a useful chemical explosive.

John howell takes a look at how established training and detection instruments compare to some of the newest ied trends being developed by terrorist groups around the world. Low explosives work the same way as burning wood or coal does. Instead of the oxygen being supplied from the surrounding air, it is supplied in the form of oxidisers or oxidants and is actually a solid material that is in intimate contact with the fuel. The following three categories comprise generic types of explosives specific types of explosives are addressed later on in the module. These explosives can have a mass explosion hazard, but due to their insensitivity, probability of explosion under normal transportation conditions, even in the event of burning, is very small. The main purpose of any warhead is to inflict damage on the target. Whether the mine is on the surface or is buried underground, the detonation or deflagration of either a high or low explosive in a confined space can be used to liberate a fairly specific subvolume of a brittle material in a much larger volume of the same or similar material. Different types of explosives pyrotechnic innovations. These types of fireworks were previously known as class c.

Density is an important consideration when choosing an explosive. Explosives preparation and their uses table of contents introduction types of chemical explosives. An explosive is a material, either a pure single substance or a mixture of substances, which is capable of producing an explosion by its own energy 19 20. Beginners explosives lectures for first responders and fire service personnel. This potential energy stored in an explosive material may be chemical energy, pressurized gas or nuclear energy. Secondary high explosives compounds which are not easily accidentally detonated but which can be detonated intentionally to cause very high energy explosions. In this lesson, well discuss several different types of explosives. Three common high explosives and their properties hubpages. Booster detonating cord or nonel exploder explosive explosive. A high explosive compound detonates at rates ranging from 1,000 to 9,000 meters per second, and are, conventionally, subdivided into two explosives classes, differentiated by sensitivity. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about blasting safety ppt. Types of explosives explosives can be classified into one of four large categories. Therefore, the classification methodology should be applied to all inprocess operations and reflect the credible worstcase operating parameters.

Explosive sensitivity decreases from left to right in figure 1. Lab must determine type of explosives and, if possible, reconstruct the explosive device. Know the definitions of an explosive and an explosion. Ieds can use commercial or military explosives, homemade explosives, or military ordnance. Ammunition and explosives safety standards headquarters department of the army washington, dc 24 may 2011 unclassified. Types of explosives ppt downloads at download free ppt files,ebooks and documents explosives. It is worth noting that water gels, slurries, and emulsion products can be formulated to produce either 1 capsensitive hesby adding sufficient amounts of he sensitizersor 2 basby. Ieds and their different types august 20, 2015 ieddetection leave a comment improvised explosive devices or ieds are the bombs that are not used in the more common military action but are used in other ways, mostly by terrorists. Also, we have explosives which do not themselves explode. Da pam 38564 ammunition and explosives safety standards. The development of new and improved types of ammunition requires a continuous program of research and development. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.

Classification of explosives the following three categories comprise generic types of explosives specific types of explosives are addressed later on in the module. Ppt introduction to explosives powerpoint presentation. Primary explosives are generally used to set off other explosives. Extremely sensitive to initiation by heat, shock, friction static electricity and flame or combination of these. Introduction to explosives authorstream presentation. However, there are only two types of explosions that the first responder or investigator will generally encounter, mechanical and chemical and several subtypes within these categories. For free running explosives, the density is often specified as the pounds of explosives per foot of charge length in a given size borehole.